Sources and credits

The editions consulted, the secondary sources, the reservations the author states about his quotations, and the image credits.

Verified source texts

The marked quotations were located by full-text search in the following files. Their exact provenance (site, identifier, edition, date of retrieval, quality of the optical character recognition) is recorded in.

Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm, Jenseits von Gut und Böse (German text, derived from the HTML files of Projekt Gutenberg-DE (source edition not specified)):
Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm, Götzen-Dämmerung (German text, derived from Projekt Gutenberg-DE (source edition not specified); CRLF line endings):
Feuerbach, Ludwig, Das Wesen des Christenthums (1st ed., Leipzig, Otto Wigand, 1841; long s normalized to s, end-of-line hyphenations rejoined, pagination [NNNN] kept):
Stirner, Max, Der Einzige und sein Eigenthum (1st ed., Leipzig, Otto Wigand, 1845; long s normalized to s, end-of-line hyphenations rejoined, pagination [NNNN] kept):
Marx, Karl, Das Kapital. Kritik der politischen Oekonomie, Bd. 1 (1st ed., Hamburg, Otto Meissner, 1867; long s normalized to s, end-of-line hyphenations rejoined, pagination [NNNN] kept):
Spinoza, Ethica ordine geometrico demonstrata (Latin text, Opera posthuma 1677 (Latin Wikisource edition, to be checked)):
Marx, Karl, Zur Kritik der Hegelschen Rechtsphilosophie. Einleitung (MEW 1, Dietz, S. 378-391 (text of the Deutsch-Franzoesische Jahrbuecher, 1844), via mlwerke.de archived by web.archive.org):
Marx, Karl, Thesen über Feuerbach (original version of 1845 and Engels version of 1888) (MEW 3 via the Marxists Internet Archive; two versions concatenated: original (1845) then Engels (1888)):
Engels, Friedrich, Ludwig Feuerbach und der Ausgang der klassischen deutschen Philosophie (MEW 21 (Die Neue Zeit 1886, in book form 1888), via mlwerke.de archived by web.archive.org):
Engels, Friedrich, Bruno Bauer und das Urchristentum (MEW 19 (Der Sozialdemokrat, May 1882), via mlwerke.de archived by web.archive.org):
Engels, Friedrich, Zur Geschichte des Urchristentums (MEW 22 (Die Neue Zeit 1894-1895), via mlwerke.de archived by web.archive.org):
Spinoza, Traité théologico-politique (French translation on Wikisource (translator to be read in the header, probably Saisset)):
Nietzsche, Le Gai Savoir (trans. Henri Albert, Mercure de France):
Nietzsche, La Généalogie de la morale (trans. Henri Albert, Mercure de France):
Nietzsche, L'Antéchrist (trans. Henri Albert, Mercure de France):
Nietzsche, Der Antichrist (ed. Schlechta, Werke in drei Baenden (Hanser 1954-1956), via zeno.org; pagination [S. n]):
Nietzsche, Zur Genealogie der Moral (ed. Schlechta, Werke in drei Baenden (Hanser 1954-1956), via zeno.org; pagination [S. n]):
Достоевский, Братья Карамазовы (Russian text, Russian Wikisource (reference edition to be read in the header)):
Dostoevsky, Les Frères Karamazov (trans. Henri Mongault):
Nietzsche, Die fröhliche Wissenschaft (ed. Schlechta, Werke in drei Baenden (Hanser 1954-1956), via zeno.org; pagination [S. n]):
Hume, David, Dialogues concerning Natural Religion (English text (posthumous, 1779), Gutenberg edition, source not specified):
Renan, Ernest, Vie de Jésus (9th ed., Paris, Michel Levy freres, 1863):
James, William, The Varieties of Religious Experience (Longmans, Green and Co, New York, 1917 (Gifford Lectures 1901-1902)):
Feuerbach, Ludwig (trans. Marian Evans [George Eliot]), The Essence of Christianity (trans. from the 2nd German ed. by Marian Evans (1854); repr. of the 2nd ed., London, Kegan Paul, Trench, Truebner, 1890):
Kant, Immanuel, Die Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der bloßen Vernunft (ed. Karl Kehrbach, Leipzig, Reclam: text of A (1793) with the variants of B (1794); pagination [N]):
Freud, Sigmund (trans. W. D. Robson-Scott), The Future of an Illusion (English trans. W. D. Robson-Scott, London, Hogarth/Institute of Psycho-Analysis, New York, Liveright, 1928):
Freud, Sigmund (trans. Joan Riviere), Civilization and its Discontents (authorized English trans. Joan Riviere, New York, Cape and Smith, 1930):
Schleiermacher, Friedrich, Über die Religion. Reden an die Gebildeten unter ihren Verächtern (text of the 1st ed. (Berlin, Unger, 1799, anonymous) from the ed. Hamburg, Meiner, 1958 (PhB), via zeno.org; pagination [S. n]):
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, Glauben und Wissen oder die Reflexionsphilosophie der Subjektivität (Kritisches Journal der Philosophie II, 1 (1802), via zeno.org: Werke in 20 Baenden (Moldenhauer and Michel), vol. 2, Frankfurt a. M., Suhrkamp, 1979; pagination [S. n]):
Strauss, David Friedrich, Das Leben Jesu, kritisch bearbeitet (Bd. 1 and 2) (1st ed., Tuebingen, Osiander, 1835-1836, two volumes concatenated; long s normalized to s, end-of-line hyphenations rejoined, pagination [NNNN] kept):
Weber, Max, Wissenschaft als Beruf (1st ed., Muenchen und Leipzig, Duncker und Humblot, 1919 (Geistige Arbeit als Beruf, 1. Vortrag); long s normalized to s, end-of-line hyphenations rejoined, pagination [NNNN] kept):
Schopenhauer, Arthur, Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung, Erster Band (via zeno.org: Zuercher Ausgabe, Werke in zehn Baenden, Zuerich, Diogenes, 1977, from vol. 1 (Huebscher text); the 4 books and the appendix Kritik der Kantischen Philosophie; pagination [S. n]):
Lucretius (Titus Lucretius Carus), De rerum natura (Latin text, Latin Wikisource (source edition to be read in the header, not specified)):
Cicero (M. Tullius Cicero), De natura deorum (Latin text, Latin Wikisource (source edition not specified); the etymology religio/relegere is at II, 72):
Lactantius (L. Caecilius Firmianus Lactantius), Divinae institutiones, liber IV (Latin text, Latin Wikisource (source edition not specified); religio/religare at IV, 28):
Epicurus, Lettre à Ménécée (Diogenes Laertius X, 122-135) (two translations: J. G. Chauffepie, in Diogene Laerce, Vies, Paris, Lefevre, 1840, p. 487-493; then O. Hamelin, Revue de metaphysique et de morale 18, 1910 (Usener text p. 59-66)):
Voltaire, Épître CIV. À l'auteur du livre des Trois imposteurs (1769) (Oeuvres completes, ed. Moland, Paris, Garnier, 1877, vol. 10, p. 402-405 (with the editor's notes)):
Pascal, Blaise, Pensées (ed. Brunschvicg) and Mémorial (ed. Leon Brunschvicg (Hachette, small ed.), French Wikisource; Brunschvicg numbering; Mémorial at the end of the file):
Weber, Max, Die protestantische Ethik und der Geist des Kapitalismus (GARS version of 1920, with the Vorbemerkung) (revised version from the Gesammelte Aufsaetze zur Religionssoziologie, vol. 1, Tuebingen, Mohr, 1920 (1st version: Archiv fuer Sozialwissenschaft 20-21, 1904-1905), via zeno.org: GARS vol. 1, Tuebingen, Mohr, 8th ed. 1986; pagination [S. n] of that edition):
Holbach, Paul Henri Thiry d' (under the name Mirabaud), Système de la nature ou des loix du monde physique et du monde moral (original ed. “Londres”, 1770, 2 vols., French Wikisource (facsimile)):
Freud, Sigmund, Die Zukunft einer Illusion (text of 1927 from an S. Fischer edition of 1974 (probably the Studienausgabe, vol. IX); isolated page numbers at the head of each chapter):
Freud, Sigmund, Das Unbehagen in der Kultur (text of 1930 (with the notes added later, including the one that names Romain Rolland) from an S. Fischer edition of 1974 (probably the Studienausgabe, vol. IX); isolated page numbers at the head of each chapter):
Schopenhauer, Arthur (trans. T. Bailey Saunders), Religion: a Dialogue, etc. (Parerga und Paralipomena II, ch. 15 “Ueber Religion”, extracts) (English trans. T. Bailey Saunders (source edition not specified by Gutenberg); fallback for lack of a free German text; faithfulness to the complete text of ch. 15 not checked):
Bergson, Henri, Les Deux Sources de la morale et de la religion (20th ed., Paris, Felix Alcan, 1937 (1st ed. 1932), French Wikisource):
Hume, David, The Natural History of Religion (edited text from Hume Texts Online (1757, revised up to 1777), edited version without variants; markers; Hume's notes marked [note]):
Weil, Simone, La Pesanteur et la Grâce (Paris, Plon, 1948 (1st ed. 1947, selection and arrangement by Gustave Thibon); Thibon's introduction not reproduced (rights)):
Kierkegaard, Søren (trans. Lee M. Hollander), Selections from the Writings of Kierkegaard (including The Present Moment, extracts from Øieblikket, 1855) (English trans. L. M. Hollander, University of Texas Bulletin 2326, Austin, 1923: Diapsalmata, In vino veritas, Fear and Trembling, Preparation for a Christian Life, The Present Moment (selection)):
Kierkegaard, Søren, Øieblikket, Nr. 1-10 (SKS vol. 13, ed. Cappeloern, Garff, Kondrup, Olesen, Tullberg, Soeren Kierkegaard Forskningscenteret, 2009; nos. 1-9 published May-Sept. 1855, no. 10 posthumous; critical apparatus and commentary markers removed, SKS pagination as [SKS n]):
Kierkegaard, Søren, Afsluttende uvidenskabelig Efterskrift til de philosophiske Smuler (Johannes Climacus) (SKS vol. 7, ed. Cappeloern, Garff, Knudsen, Kondrup, McKinnon, Soeren Kierkegaard Forskningscenteret, 2002 (1st ed. Copenhagen, Reitzel, 1846); critical apparatus and commentary markers removed, SKS pagination as [SKS n]):
Durkheim, Émile, Les Formes élémentaires de la vie religieuse. Le système totémique en Australie (1st ed., Paris, Felix Alcan, 1912, French Wikisource):
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, Vorlesungen über die Philosophie der Religion, nebst einer Schrift über die Beweise vom Daseyn Gottes (Werke, Bd. 11-12, ed. Ph. Marheineke, 2nd revised ed., Berlin, Duncker und Humblot, 1840 (1st ed. 1832); raw OCR of a print in Fraktur, many errors (B/V, f/s, ck read as >): search by short fragments; hyphenations rejoined):
Eckhart, Meister (trans. Gustav Landauer), Meister Eckharts mystische Schriften (translation into modern German) (trans. Gustav Landauer, Berlin, Karl Schnabel (Axel Juncker), 1903; archive.org OCR (Univ. of Toronto), spaces normalized and hyphenations rejoined; the sermon Beati pauperes spiritu (Quint 52) appears as Predigt 16 “Von der Armut”, p. 102 ff.):
Bayle, Pierre, Pensées diverses sur la comète, tome I (critical ed. A. Prat, Paris, Societe des textes francais modernes, Cornely, 1911, vol. I only (§ I to about CXXXII; base text and variants: see Prat's introduction); archive.org OCR (Univ. of Toronto), spaces normalized and hyphenations rejoined; vol. II not found (the item pensesdiverses02bayluoft in fact contains Ch. Adam, Vie et oeuvres de Descartes)):
Comte, Auguste, Catéchisme positiviste, ou Sommaire exposition de la religion universelle, en onze entretiens systématiques entre une Femme et un Prêtre de l'Humanité (1st ed., Paris, chez l'auteur et Carilian-Goeury et V. Dalmont, October 1852; archive.org OCR (Univ. of Toronto) of mediocre quality (titles and proper names often distorted), spaces normalized and hyphenations rejoined):
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, Vorrede zu Hinrichs' Religionsphilosophie (1822) (Werke, Bd. 17 = Vermischte Schriften II, ed. F. Foerster and L. Boumann, Berlin, Duncker und Humblot, 1835, p. 280 ff. according to the table of contents (Vorrede dated Easter 1822); VERY faulty OCR of a print in Fraktur (e.g. ber Hunb written ^unb, Christ written (Ehrifl, Abhaengigkeit written älbhängigf eit): search by short words and reread the context):
Otto, Rudolf, Das Heilige. Über das Irrationale in der Idee des Göttlichen und sein Verhältnis zum Rationalen (13th ed., Gotha/Stuttgart, F. A. Perthes, 1925 (1st ed. Breslau, Trewendt und Granier, 1917); archive.org OCR (Univ. of Illinois), spaces normalized and hyphenations rejoined):
Eckhart, Meister (trans. Herman Buettner), Meister Eckeharts Schriften und Predigten, Bd. 1 (translation into modern German) (trans. Herman Buettner, Leipzig, Eugen Diederichs, 1903, vol. 1; archive.org OCR (Univ. of Toronto) of a print in Fraktur, frequent errors (f for s, D for V); long s normalized, hyphenations rejoined; Beati pauperes spiritu (Quint 52) = no. 16 “Von der Armut am Geiste”, p. 169 ff.):
Bayle, Pierre, Pensées diverses écrites à un docteur de Sorbonne à l'occasion de la comète qui parut au mois de décembre 1680 (vols. I and II) (6th ed., Amsterdam, Meinard Uytwerf, 1749, vols. I and II concatenated, that is, the complete Pensées diverses (up to § CCLXII at least; vol. III is the Continuation, not retrieved) (same edition as the French Wikisource facsimile); archive.org OCR (Univ. of Ottawa) of an old typeface, long s often read as f; spaces normalized, hyphenations rejoined; supplements vol. I of the Prat ed.):
Plato, Νόμοι (Laws), book X (Greek text, Platonis Opera vol. V, ed. J. Burnet, Oxford, Clarendon Press (1914 printing according to Perseus); Stephanus 884a-910d in square brackets, speaker abbreviations (ΑΘ., ΚΛ., ΜΕ.) kept; without apparatus):
Plato (trans. Victor Cousin), Les Lois, livre dixième (trans. V. Cousin, Oeuvres de Platon, vols. VII-VIII (Paris, 1831-1832; Wikisource header “Tome septieme & huitieme”); no Stephanus pagination):
Aristotle, τὰ μετὰ τὰ φυσικά (Metaphysics), book Λ (XII) (Greek text, Aristotle's Metaphysics, ed. W. D. Ross, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1924; chapters 1-10 tagged, Bekker pagination and lines [l.N]; without apparatus):
Aristotle (trans. Alexis Pierron and Charles Zévort), La Métaphysique, livre XII (Λ) (trans. Pierron and Zevort, La Metaphysique d'Aristote, Paris, 1840, 2 vols., with their notes at the end of the book; bilingual page (Greek facing, Greek edition not specified by the site), Bekker in square brackets; Cousin's translation of book XII (1835, 2nd ed. 1838) was not found online):
Plotinus (trans. Marie-Nicolas Bouillet), Les Ennéades (54 treatises, I 1 to VI 9) (trans. M.-N. Bouillet, Les Enneades de Plotin, Paris, Hachette, 1857-1861, 3 vols.; Bouillet's notes and clarifications NOT included (separate /Notes pages on Wikisource); I 6 On beauty, V 1, VI 9 On the good or the one locatable by “=====”):
Averroes (Ibn Rushd) (trans. Léon Gauthier), Accord de la religion et de la philosophie (Fasl al-maqal, Decisive Treatise) (trans. and notes L. Gauthier, Algiers, P. Fontana, 1905; mediocre OCR (title page and isolated words distorted, markers *p.N of the Arabic pagination), Google notice removed, spaces normalized and hyphenations rejoined):
Averroes (Ibn Rushd) (trans. Mohammad Jamil-ur-Rehman), The Philosophy and Theology of Averroes (I: A Decisive Discourse; Ia: appendix on eternal knowledge [Damima]; II: An Exposition of the Methods of Argument) (English trans. M. Jamil-ur-Rehman, Baroda, A. G. Widgery (Gaekwad Studies in Religion and Philosophy XI), 1921, from the Arabic text of M. J. Mueller (Munich, 1859); a readable complement to the Gauthier OCR):
Maimonides (trans. Salomon Munk), Le Guide des égarés (Dalalat al-ha'irin), parts I to III (trans. and notes S. Munk, Paris, A. Franck, vol. I 1856, vol. II 1861, vol. III 1866, concatenated; archive.org OCR (Univ. of Toronto), spaces normalized and hyphenations rejoined; the Arabic text in Hebrew characters and the Hebrew words in the notes are illegible; attributes (I, 50-60) in vol. I):
Maimonides (trans. Michael Friedländer), The Guide for the Perplexed (English trans. M. Friedlaender, 2nd revised ed. in one volume (preface July 1904), London, Routledge, and New York, Dutton, repr. 1910; without the notes of the 1st ed. (1881-1885); downloaded via the gutenberg.pglaf.org mirror):
Montaigne, Michel de, Essais, book II, chapter 12: Apologie de Raimond Sebond (text of the Wikisource edition known as the Bordeaux copy (header “Essais, exemplaire de Bordeaux (1595)”, Livre II, f. 183v-258: ambiguous wording between the annotated 1588 Bordeaux copy and the posthumous edition of 1595, to be checked before quoting an A/B/C layer); old spelling):
Descartes, René (trans. duc de Luynes), Méditations métaphysiques (Epistle, Preface, Synopsis, Meditations I to VI) (Oeuvres de Descartes, ed. V. Cousin, Paris, Levrault, 1824, vol. I, p. 213 ff.: French translation by the duc de Luynes (1647, revised by Descartes) BUT Cousin states that he reproduces the 3rd ed. (Paris, 1673, ed. R. Fede) without its summaries; it is therefore not the 1647 text to the letter; objections and replies not included):
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, La Monadologie (1714) (Oeuvres philosophiques de Leibniz, ed. P. Janet, Paris, Felix Alcan, 1900, vol. I, p. 707-722, with Janet's notes; Leibniz's French title and text (published posthumously, in German 1720, in Latin 1721)):
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Essais de Théodicée sur la bonté de Dieu, la liberté de l'homme et l'origine du mal (1710) (Oeuvres philosophiques de Leibniz, ed. P. Janet, Paris, Felix Alcan, 1900, vol. II, p. 1-418: preface, Discours de la conformite de la foi avec la raison, parts I-III, Abrege, remarks on Hobbes and King):
Plotinus, Ἐννεάδες (54 treatises, Greek text) (Greek text of R. Volkmann, Leipzig, Teubner, 1883-1884, 2 vols. (Wikisource header); Greek numbering of the treatises: I 6 Περὶ τοῦ καλοῦ = “Εννεάδες/Α/στ” (and not ζ), V 1 = “Ε/α”, VI 9 = “Στ/θ”; chapters [N]; without apparatus; retrieved by index.php?action=render (API saturated)):
Descartes, René, Meditationes de prima philosophia (Epistola, Praefatio, Synopsis, Meditationes I-VI) (Latin text of the Adam and Tannery ed., Oeuvres de Descartes, vol. VII, Paris, Cerf, 1904 (1st ed. Paris, M. Soly, 1641; 2nd ed. Amsterdam, Elzevier, 1642; base text adopted by AT not checked); AT pagination in square brackets [N] in the text; the paragraph numbering is Wikisource's; objections and replies not included):
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Principes de la nature et de la grâce fondés en raison (1714) (Oeuvres philosophiques de Leibniz, ed. P. Janet, Paris, Felix Alcan, 1900, vol. I, p. 723-731 (text of L'Europe savante, Nov. 1718, art. VI)):
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, Émile, ou De l'éducation, book IV (including the Profession de foi du vicaire savoyard) (Collection complete des oeuvres de J. J. Rousseau, [Geneve], 1782, vol. IV, p. 357-458 and following (1st ed. of Emile: 1762); period spelling):
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, Du contrat social, ou Principes du droit politique (complete text; IV, 8 “De la Religion civile”) (original ed., Amsterdam, Marc Michel Rey, 1762; period spelling):
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, Lettre à M. de Voltaire, 18 août 1756 (Collection complete des oeuvres de J. J. Rousseau, 1782, vol. XII, p. 91-114):
Wittgenstein, Ludwig (trans. C. K. Ogden), Tractatus logico-philosophicus / Logisch-philosophische Abhandlung (bilingual) (bilingual ed., London, Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1922 (trans. Ogden with F. P. Ramsey, introduction by B. Russell); German text revised by the author from that of the Annalen der Naturphilosophie, 1921; English then German in the file; formulas and truth tables converted approximately (columns separated by):
Bergson, Henri, L'Évolution créatrice (Paris, Felix Alcan, 1908 (1st ed. 1907); the idea of nothingness in chapter IV):
Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph, Philosophie der Offenbarung, Erster Theil (SW XIII) (Saemmtliche Werke, ed. K. F. A. Schelling, II. Abt., Bd. 3, Stuttgart und Augsburg, Cotta, 1858 (posthumous); OCR of a print in Fraktur, long s normalized, hyphenations rejoined, pagination [S. n] = SW XIII; “warum ist ueberhaupt etwas? warum ist nicht nichts?” in (checked by grep) and):
Feuerbach, Ludwig, Todesgedanken. 1830, with Der Schriftsteller und der Mensch and Die Unsterblichkeitsfrage vom Standpunkt der Anthropologie (Saemmtliche Werke, Bd. 3, 3rd ed., Leipzig, Wigand, 1876 (1st ed. of Bd. 3: 1847): version reworked for the SW, NOT the anonymous text of 1830 (Nuernberg, Stein) to the letter, which I did not find online; Fraktur, long s normalized, hyphenations rejoined, [S. n]):
Feuerbach, Ludwig, Vorläufige Thesen zur Reform der Philosophie (1842, Anekdota 1843) (via zeno.org: Kleine philosophische Schriften (1842-1845), ed. M. G. Lange, Leipzig, Meiner, 1950 (PhB 227), S. 55-79; pagination [S. n]):
Feuerbach, Ludwig, Grundsätze der Philosophie der Zukunft (1843) (via zeno.org: Kleine philosophische Schriften (1842-1845), ed. M. G. Lange, Leipzig, Meiner, 1950, S. 87-171; §§ 1-65; pagination [S. n]):
Feuerbach, Ludwig, Über das “Wesen des Christentums” in Beziehung auf den “Einzigen und sein Eigentum” (1845) (via zeno.org: Kleine philosophische Schriften (1842-1845), ed. M. G. Lange, Leipzig, Meiner, 1950, S. 171-197 (text published in Wigands Vierteljahrsschrift, 1845); pagination [S. n]):
Feuerbach, Ludwig, Das Wesen der Religion (§§ 1-55) (Saemmtliche Werke, Bd. 1 (Erlaeuterungen und Ergaenzungen zum Wesen des Christenthums), Leipzig, Wigand, 1846, S. 410-486 (dated 1845 at the head; also published in Die Epigonen I, 1846); Fraktur, long s normalized, hyphenations rejoined, [S. n]; the Projekt Gutenberg-DE version (modernized, divided into 4 chapters titled by an editor) was set aside):
Feuerbach, Ludwig, Vorlesungen über das Wesen der Religion. Nebst Zusätzen und Anmerkungen (30 lectures, Heidelberg 1848-1849) (1st ed. = Saemmtliche Werke, Bd. 8, Leipzig, Wigand, 1851; Fraktur, long s normalized, hyphenations rejoined, [S. n]; a Bolin-Jodl ed. in Antiqua (Stuttgart, Frommann, 1908, archive.org 10931540bsb) exists as a fallback):
Philo of Alexandria (trans. C. D. Yonge), On the Creation (De opificio mundi) (English trans. C. D. Yonge, The Works of Philo Judaeus, London, H. G. Bohn, 1854-1855, vol. I, p. 1-52; text keyed by ECW with the paragraph numbering (1) to (172) of the revised Hendrickson edition (1993), wording matching the Bohn 1854 in the passages compared (archive.org scan worksphilojudaeu01philuoft)):
Philo of Alexandria (trans. F. H. Colson and G. H. Whitaker), Περὶ τῆς κατὰ Μωυσέα κοσμοποιίας / On the Account of the World's Creation given by Moses (De opificio mundi), Greek and English (Philo, vol. I, Loeb Classical Library, London, Heinemann, and New York, Putnam, 1929, p. 2-137 approximately, with the analytical introduction; Greek text (Cohn-Wendland) and translation on alternating pages; OCR of the Greek correct on the running text but with stray lines of accents, running heads and page numbers kept; public domain in the United States since 2025):
Justin Martyr (trans. Marcus Dods and George Reith), The First Apology; The Second Apology (Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. I, ed. A. Roberts, J. Donaldson and A. C. Coxe, Buffalo, Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1885, text “revised and edited for New Advent by Kevin Knight” (unmarked modern retouches); ANF chapter titles; Greek text not retrieved):
Origen (trans. Frederick Crombie; books VII-VIII W. H. Cairns), Against Celsus (Contra Celsum), books I to VIII (Ante-Nicene Christian Library, vol. X (1869, book I following De principiis) and vol. XXIII (1872), Edinburgh, T. & T. Clark; fragments of Celsus in quotation marks within Origen's reply; notes placed after each chapter; analysis of contents and index of vol. XXIII included):
Augustine (Augustinus), Confessiones, liber VII (Latin text of J. J. O'Donnell, Augustine: Confessions, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1992 (O'Donnell's site), numbering book.chapter.paragraph; “platonicorum libros ex graeca lingua in latinam versos” at 7.9.13, “lectis platonicorum illis libris” at 7.20.26 (checked by grep)):
Augustine (Augustinus), De civitate Dei, liber VIII (Latin text, source edition not specified by the site; chapters [I] to [XXVII]):
Porphyry (trans. Marie-Nicolas Bouillet), Vie de Plotin et ordre de ses livres (trans. M.-N. Bouillet, Les Enneades de Plotin, vol. I, Paris, Hachette, 1857, with Bouillet's notes at the end of the text; chapters I to XXIV (Bouillet's numbering); absent from (which begins at I 1); retrieved by index.php?action=render):
Schweitzer, Albert, Von Reimarus zu Wrede. Eine Geschichte der Leben-Jesu-Forschung (1st ed., Tuebingen, J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), 1906; OCR of a print in Fraktur, long s normalized, hyphenations rejoined; f/s confusions and other frequent OCR errors (“fonfequente” for “konsequente”), to be cross-checked before any quotation):
Schweitzer, Albert (trans. W. Montgomery), The Quest of the Historical Jesus. A Critical Study of its Progress from Reimarus to Wrede (English trans. W. Montgomery, preface by F. C. Burkitt, 2nd English ed., London, A. & C. Black, 1911 (1st ed. 1910); translation of the German edition of 1906):
Drews, Arthur, Die Christusmythe (Jena, Eugen Diederichs, 1909 (date from the archive.org record; preface dated “Karlsruhe im Maerz 1909”, title page illegible): probably the 1st ed.; good-quality OCR in Antiqua):
Drews, Arthur, Die Christusmythe, verbesserte und erweiterte Ausgabe (Jena, Eugen Diederichs, 1910, “verbesserte und erweiterte Ausgabe, 3. bis 5. Tausend” (Duke University copy); accurate OCR, noisy title page and bookplate):
Drews, Arthur (trans. C. Delisle Burns), The Christ Myth (English trans. C. Delisle Burns from the 3rd revised and enlarged German ed., London, T. Fisher Unwin, undated on the title page (prefaces dated January and March 1910)):
Bousset, Wilhelm, Kyrios Christos. Geschichte des Christusglaubens von den Anfängen des Christentums bis Irenaeus (1st ed., Goettingen, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1913 (FRLANT, N. F. 4); OCR of a print in Fraktur, long s normalized, hyphenations rejoined; frequent OCR errors (f/s, j/s, D/V), Greek often illegible; two other scans (kyrioschristosge00bous, kyrioschristosg00bousgoog) set aside, OCR unusable):
Tylor, Edward B., Primitive Culture. Researches into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Language, Art, and Custom, vol. I and II (London, John Murray, 6th ed., 1920, 2 vols. concatenated (1st ed. 1871; text of the revised editions); animism: ch. XI (end of vol. I) to XVII (vol. II)):
Frazer, James George, The Golden Bough. A Study in Magic and Religion (abridged edition) (abridged one-volume edition, London, Macmillan, 1922 (preface dated June 1922); without the notes of the 12-vol. edition; 69 chapters):
Malinowski, Bronisław, Magic, Science and Religion (in J. Needham (ed.), Science, Religion and Reality, New York, Macmillan, copyright 1925, repr. 1928, p. 19-84, with the author's bibliography; only the essay extracted from the volume; clean OCR, spaces normalized and hyphenations rejoined; public domain in the United States (1925) and in the EU (author died in 1942)):
Renan, Ernest, Les Apôtres (Histoire des origines du christianisme, II) (Paris, Michel Levy freres, 1866 (1st ed.), notes at the end of the text):
Renan, Ernest, Saint Paul (Histoire des origines du christianisme, III) (facsimile of the 14th ed., Paris, Calmann Levy, 1899 (and not the 1st ed., Michel Levy, 1869, which the Wikisource header indicates), notes at the end of the text):

The “En littérature” boxes also quote the following texts, retrieved and indexed in the same way (the folders named and come from zeno.org and Projekt Gutenberg-DE, the others from Project Gutenberg and Wikisource):

Eliot, George, Adam Bede (not specified):
Pope, Alexander, An Essay on Man; Moral Essays and Satires (not specified):
Flaubert, Gustave, Antigonè (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, Archaïscher Torso Apollos (see the text's header):
Melville, Herman, Billy Budd : $b and other prose pieces (not specified):
Flaubert, Gustave, Bouvard et Pécuchet (not specified):
Flaubert, Gustave, Brief an den Vater (see the text's header):
Mann, Thomas, Buddenbrooks: Verfall einer Familie (not specified):
Flaubert, Gustave, Canti (Leopardi - Donati)/XXIII. Canto notturno di un pastore errante dell'Asia (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, Canti (Leopardi - Donati)/XXXIV. La ginestra (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, Carmina (Horatius)/Liber I/Carmen XI (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, Carmina (Horatius)/Liber I/Carmen XXXIV (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, Così è (se vi pare)/Atto Terzo (see the text's header):
Büchner, Georg, Dantons Tod (not specified):
Flaubert, Gustave, Das Göttliche (see the text's header):
Rilke, Rainer Maria, Das Stunden-Buch (not specified):
Flaubert, Gustave, De l’Allemagne/Seconde partie/XXVIII (see the text's header):
Wilde, Oscar, De Profundis (not specified):
Flaubert, Gustave, Der Gevatter Tod (1857) (see the text's header):
Kafka, Franz, Der Prozess: Roman (not specified):
Mann, Thomas, Der Zauberberg. Erster Band (not specified):
Mann, Thomas, Der Zauberberg. Zweiter Band (not specified):
Heine, Heinrich, Deutschland. Ein Wintermärchen (not specified):
Flaubert, Gustave, Dialogue entre un prêtre et un moribond (see the text's header):
Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, Die Erziehung des Menschengeschlechts (not specified):
Flaubert, Gustave, Divina Commedia/Inferno/Canto IV (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, Divina Commedia/Paradiso/Canto XXXIII (see the text's header):
Proust, Marcel, Du côté de chez Swann (French text, Gutenberg edition):
Kafka, Franz, Ein Landarzt: Kleine Erzählungen (not specified):
Flaubert, Gustave, Entretien d’un philosophe avec la maréchale de * (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, Fables de La Fontaine (éd. Barbin)/2/Le Chartier embourbé (see the text's header):
Turgenev, Ivan Sergeevich, Fathers and Children (not specified):
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, Faust: Der Tragödie erster Teil (not specified):
Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft, Frankenstein; or, the modern prometheus (not specified):
Zola, Émile, Germinal (not specified):
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, Aus meinem Leben. Dichtung und Wahrheit, Dritter Teil, Vierzehntes Buch (via zeno.org (Berliner Ausgabe, Aufbau, 1960 ff., according to the site's header, to be checked); pagination [S. n]):
Flaubert, Gustave, Gränzen der Menschheit (1789) (see the text's header):
Swift, Jonathan, Gulliver's Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World (not specified):
unknown, gutenberg-24850 (not specified):
Flaubert, Gustave, Hälfte des Lebens (see the text's header):
Shakespeare, William, Hamlet (not specified):
Dickens, Charles, Hard Times (not specified):
Conrad, Joseph, Heart of Darkness (not specified):
Hölderlin, Friedrich, Hyperion oder der Eremit in Griechenland, Erster Band, Erstes Buch (via zeno.org (source edition to be read in the site's header)):
Hamsun, Knut, Hunger (not specified):
Flaubert, Gustave, Iliade/Rhapsodie XXIV (see the text's header):
Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, Baron, In memoriam (not specified):
James, William, The Varieties of Religious Experience (Longmans, Green and Co, New York, 1917 (Gifford Lectures 1901-1902)):
Jean Paul, Siebenkäs (including “Erstes Blumenstück: Rede des toten Christus vom Weltgebäude herab, daß kein Gott sei”) (text of 1796-1797 from the online edition (source edition to be read in the header); chapter pages concatenated):
Flaubert, Gustave, Journal d’un curé de campagne/3 (see the text's header):
Kafka, Franz, Das Schloß (online edition (source to be read in the header); chapter pages concatenated, with repetitions):
Kafka, Franz, In der Strafkolonie (online edition (source to be read in the header); chapter pages concatenated, with repetitions):
Kipling, Rudyard, Kim (not specified):
Shakespeare, William, King Lear (not specified):
Shakespeare, William, King Richard II (not specified):
Kleist, Heinrich von, Michael Kohlhaas (text of 1810 from the online edition (source edition to be read in the header); chapter pages concatenated, some duplicated):
Flaubert, Gustave, La Légende des siècles/La Conscience (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, La Légende des siècles/Le Satyre (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, La Mort d’Ivan Ilitch/12 (see the text's header):
Proust, Marcel, La Prisonnière (Sodome et Gomorrhe III) (original NRF edition):
Flaubert, Gustave, La Soirée avec monsieur Teste (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, La Tentation de saint Antoine - Éd. L. Conard (1910)/La Tentation de saint Antoine/IV (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, Le Colporteur (recueil)/Auprès d’un mort (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, Le Porche du mystère de la deuxième vertu (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, Le Rouge et le Noir/Texte entier (see the text's header):
Proust, Marcel, Le temps retrouvé Tome 2 (de 2) : $b À la recherche du temps perdu vol.VII (original NRF edition, copyright Gallimard 1927):
Whitman, Walt, Leaves of Grass (not specified):
Flaubert, Gustave, Les Animaux malades de la peste (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, Les Bakkhantes (Euripide, Leconte de Lisle) (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, Les Chimères/Le Christ aux Oliviers (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, Les Contemplations/Ce que dit la bouche d’ombre (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, Les Destinées (recueil)/Le Mont des Oliviers (see the text's header):
France, Anatole, Les Dieux ont soif (not specified):
Flaubert, Gustave, Les Fleurs du mal (1861)/Correspondances (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, Les Fleurs du mal (1861)/Les Litanies de Satan (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, Les Fleurs du mal (1868)/Le Gouffre (see the text's header):
Hugo, Victor, Les misérables Tome I: Fantine (not specified):
Hugo, Victor, Les misérables Tome V: Jean Valjean (not specified):
Flaubert, Gustave, Les Nuées (trad. Eugène Talbot) (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, Lettre sur les aveugles à l’usage de ceux qui voient (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, Lettres persanes/Lettre 12 (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, L’Étui de nacre/Le Procurateur de Judée (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, L’Idiot/II/Chapitre 4 (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, L’Idiot/III/Chapitre 6 (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, L’Immoraliste/Texte entier (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, L’Ingénieux Hidalgo Don Quichotte de la Manche/Deuxième partie/Chapitre LXXIV (see the text's header):
Conrad, Joseph, Lord Jim (not specified):
Flaubert, Gustave, Lyrical Ballads (1798)/Lines written a few miles above Tintern Abbey (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, Madame Bovary (not specified):
Flaubert, Gustave, Maître et serviteur (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, Manfred, a dramatic poem/Act 3 Scene 4 (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, Metamorphoses (Ovidius)/Liber I (see the text's header):
Eliot, George, Middlemarch (not specified):
Melville, Herman, Moby Dick; Or, The Whale (not specified):
Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, Nathan der Weise: Ein Dramatisches Gedicht, in fünf Aufzügen (not specified):
Flaubert, Gustave, Noche oscura (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, Nouvelles (1836-1842)/Le Portrait/I (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, Pastiches et Mélanges/Texte entier (see the text's header):
Pessoa, Fernando (Alberto Caeiro), O Guardador de Rebanhos, V (“Há metafísica bastante em não pensar em nada”) (Portuguese text, Portuguese Wikisource (source edition not specified)):
Flaubert, Gustave, Phèdre (Racine), Didot, 1854/Acte I (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, Poems and Ballads (Swinburne)/Hymn to Proserpine (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, Polyeucte/Édition Masson, 1887 (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, Prometheus (Gedicht, späte Fassung) (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, Prometheus (Kafka) (see the text's header):
Hugo, Victor, Quatrevingt-Treize (not specified):
Flaubert, Gustave, Queen Mab/Canto VII (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, Queen Mab/Notes (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, Religions et Religion/Conclusion (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, René (see the text's header):
Rilke, Rainer Maria, Duineser Elegien, Die erste Elegie (via zeno.org (source edition to be read in the site's header)):
Angelus Silesius, Cherubinischer Wandersmann, I, 8 and I, 289 (zeno.org ed. (Sämtliche poetische Werke, Munich, Hanser, 1952?); two couplets only):
Blake, William, Songs of Innocence and of Experience (not specified):
France, Anatole, Sur la pierre blanche (not specified):
Flaubert, Gustave, The Collected Works of Henrik Ibsen/Volume 3/Brand/Act 5 (see the text's header):
Tagore, Rabindranath, The King of the Dark Chamber (not specified):
Defoe, Daniel, The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe (not specified):
Sterne, Laurence, The life and opinions of Tristram Shandy, gentleman (not specified):
Wilde, Oscar, The Picture of Dorian Gray (not specified):
Flaubert, Gustave, The poems of George Eliot (Crowell, 1884)/Oh, may I join the Choir invisible (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, The poetical works of Matthew Arnold/Dover Beach (see the text's header):
Omar Khayyam, The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam (not specified):
Shakespeare, William, The Tempest (not specified):
Byron, George Gordon Byron, Baron, The Works of Lord Byron. Vol. 5: Poetry (not specified):
Carroll, Lewis, Through the Looking-Glass (not specified):
Flaubert, Gustave, Trois Contes (Flaubert)/Un Cœur simple (see the text's header):
Flaubert, Gustave, Œuvres (Rimbaud)/Derniers vers/Fêtes de la patience/L’Éternité (see the text's header):
Thoreau, Henry David, Walden, and On The Duty Of Civil Disobedience (not specified):
Tolstoy, Leo, graf, War and Peace (not specified):
Flaubert, Gustave, Zadig/Texte entier (see the text's header):

Secondary sources and pages consulted online

Secularization. D. Weidner, “Säkularisierung” (2014): https://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/opus4/files/56434/Weidner_2014_Saekularisierung.pdf ; U. Hebekus (Konstanz, 2011): https://www.exc16.uni-konstanz.de/fileadmin/all/downloads/veranstaltungen2011/Rhetorik_Saekularisierung_Hebekus.pdf ; J. Habermas, Peace Prize speech, 14 October 2001: https://www.friedenspreis-des-deutschen-buchhandels.de/fileadmin/user_upload/preistraeger/2000-2009/2001/2001_Friedenspreis_Reden.pdf ; J. M. Fenwick on Löwith (1950): https://www.marxists.org/history/etol/writers/fenwick/1950/01/emptiness.html ; D. Schulz, La Vie des idées: https://laviedesidees.fr/L-age-moderne-et-sa-legitimite ; L. Mullen: https://lincolnmullen.com/blog/what-is-secularization/ ; Ransom Fellowship: https://ransomfellowship.org/?p=2688 ; D. Horan, New Blackfriars (2014) ; T. M. Schmidt, zur debatte (2020): https://kath-akademie-bayern.de/wp-content/uploads/8_Glaube_Wissen_Habermas.pdf.

Spiritualities without God. S. Cantin (1998): https://www.bu.edu/wcp/Papers/Reli/ReliCant.htm ; P. Choinière, Spirale 184 (2002): https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/17137ac ; F. Testa, Pli (2016): https://plijournal.com/files/Pli_Special_2016_TESTA.pdf ; H. Kdhir, Lectures (2016): https://journals.openedition.org/lectures/21163 ; H. Hausemer, forum 264 (2007): https://www.forum.lu/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/6068_264_Hausemer.pdf ; R.-P. Droit: https://rpdroit.com/?p=3440 ; Gerflint: https://www.gerflint.fr/Base/chili2/ferry.pdf.

Twentieth century. S. Weil, Gravity and Grace (La Pesanteur et la grâce), Wikisource (see also) ; A. Camus, The Rebel (L'Homme révolté), facsimile of the 1951 Gallimard edition: https://www.bard.edu/library/pdfs/archives/2023/03/Camus-L%27HommeRevolte.pdf ; The Myth of Sisyphus, extract: https://elearning.univ-bejaia.dz/mod/resource/view.php?id=340066 ; Bonhoeffer, Werkbuch 5: https://www.dietrich-bonhoeffer.net/fileadmin/media/projekte/werkbuch-5/werkbuch-5.pdf ; C. Tietz (Tübingen): https://publikationen.uni-tuebingen.de/xmlui/bitstream/10900/161407/1/Tietz_240.pdf ; M. Knapp, Geist und Leben (2021) ; evangelisch.de on Barth (2018): https://www.evangelisch.de/inhalte/153612/09-12-2018/karl-barth-oekumene-glauben-denken ; R. P. Cumming, Scottish Journal of Theology 68 (2015) ; J. Glasse, “Barth on Feuerbach”, Harvard Theological Review 57 (1964) ; P. Cabestan, Alter 28 (2020): https://journals.openedition.org/alter/1991 ; master's thesis on Bataille: https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-02289786v1/document ; Fontes Filho, Lettres Françaises (Unesp) ; J.-D. Robert, Laval théologique et philosophique 39/3 (1983): https://erudit.org/fr/revue/ltp/1983/v39/n3/400053ar.pdf ; Rogers (McMaster, 2007): https://macsphere.mcmaster.ca/bitstream/11375/10627/1/fulltext.pdf ; Heidegger, Zurich seminar (GA 15): https://www.beyng.com/docs/Zurich/Zurich.436.html.

Responses between authors. Hegel, preface to Hinrichs, Portuguese trans. by A. Morão: https://www.marxists.org/portugues/hegel/1822/04/religiao.pdf ; J. Malesic on Kierkegaard and Feuerbach (2007): https://www.sorenkierkegaard.nl/artikelen/Engels/208.%20Malesic_Illusion_offense.pdf ; R. Rolland to Freud, as given by H. Vermorel: https://association-romainrolland.org/image_articles20/Vermorel%2020.pdf ; Eckhart in Middle High German, Pfeiffer edition, archive.org (1906 reprint) ; Dostoevsky, A Writer's Diary 1873, ru.wikisource.

Heidegger and Onfray. W. Keilbach, MThZ 19 (1968) ; R. Gutschmidt (2011) ; Der Spiegel, Hausmitteilung of 31 May 1976 ; English trans. by W. J. Richardson (archive.org) ; S. Kellerer, Philosophie Magazin (2024) ; I. U. Dalferth, ThLZ 136 (2011) ; E. Tiefensee (Tübingen) ; J.-F. Dortier: https://www.dortier.fr/michel-onfray-philosophe-decadent/ ; Le Temps, 11 March 2017 ; FigaroVox, 18 July 2021 ; Fondation Jean-Jaurès (2020) ; Sud Radio, 7 December 2023 ; back covers of Traité d'athéologie and Théorie de Jésus ; R. Silly, Revue thomiste ; E. Brito, Revue théologique de Louvain 37 (2006) ; J. Alvar, Dialogues d'histoire ancienne 32/2 (2006).

Secondary sources cited in the statuses. For authors still under copyright, and for every quotation that could not be checked against the original text, the secondary source consulted is named, with its address when it is online, in the status of the quotation it supports: pages from Perseus, The Latin Library, New Advent, Early Christian Writings, BibleGateway for the Segond 1910, archive.org, entries in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy and the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, reviews and scholarly articles.

Still to be checked before any circulation

Every quotation in the essay is either verified against the text, or reported by a named and consulted secondary source, or paraphrased without quotation marks. Three reservations remain. Authors still under copyright (Heidegger, Barth, Bataille, Sartre, Camus in part, Marion, Schmitt, Löwith, Blumenberg, Gauchet, Taylor, Habermas, Hadot, Foucault, Comte-Sponville, Ferry, Bidar, Onfray, Ricoeur, Levinas, Jaspers, Russell, Mackie, Plantinga, Voegelin, Aron, Leo Strauss, Murdoch, Droit, Arkoun, as well as Girard, Jung, Becker, Berger, Luckmann, Hervieu-Léger, Boyer, Norris, Dennett, Couchoud, Goguel, Bultmann, Buber, Kelsen, Carnap, Ehrman, Carrier, Sanders) are cited from secondary sources or online reproductions: their pages ought to be collated against the printed editions. Texts drawn from imperfect optical character recognition (Hegel, Vorrede zu Hinrichs and Religionsphilosophie ; Comte ; Bayle ; Eckhart ; Otto ; Averroes in Gauthier's translation ; Maimonides in Munk's translation ; Schelling ; Feuerbach for the texts of 1846 and 1851) are cited in normalized spelling, to be collated against a reliable edition. Finally, a few biographical facts presented as established consensus have not been checked against a source during the session; they are flagged in the text.

The “In literature” boxes follow the same convention: each quotation in them is marked as verified with its file, and works still under copyright (Céline, Hesse, Saint-Exupéry, Camus, Malraux, Koestler, Orwell outside Europe, Grossman, Levi, O'Connor, Waugh, Greene, Mahfouz, Beckett, Kerouac, Lampedusa, Kazantzakis, Bulgakov, Steinbeck, Hemingway, Jackson, Celan, Char, Giono, Borges, Eco, Singer, Murdoch, Brecht, Silone, T. S. Eliot, Yourcenar, Musil, Sartre, Mann for Joseph and Doktor Faustus) are summarized in them without quotation. Still to be collated against a printed edition are the passages summarized from the author's memory in the following boxes: Lucian of Samosata, The Passing of Peregrinus (c. 165) ; Gustave Flaubert, The Temptation of Saint Anthony (1874) (1 passage to collate) ; Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe (1719) ; Franz Kafka, Das Schloß (1926) ; Friedrich Schiller, “Die Götter Griechenlands” (1788) (1 passage to collate) ; Franz Kafka, Brief an den Vater (1919) ; Hans Christian Andersen, “The Little Match Girl” (1845) (1 passage to collate) ; Miguel de Cervantes, Don Quixote (1615) ; Luigi Pirandello, Così è (se vi pare) (1917) ; Hans Christian Andersen, “The Emperor's New Clothes” (1837) (1 passage to collate) ; Gustave Flaubert, Madame Bovary (1857) ; Alphonse de Lamartine, Méditations poétiques (1820) (1 passage to collate) ; Franz Kafka, “Eine kaiserliche Botschaft” (1919) ; Friedrich Hölderlin, “Patmos” (1803) ; Paul Celan, “Todtnauberg” (1967) (1 passage to collate) ; Rabindranath Tagore, The King of the Dark Chamber (1914) ; Leo Tolstoy, “The Three Hermits” (1886) ; Georg Trakl, Gedichte (1913) (1 passage to collate) ; Charles Baudelaire, “Les Litanies de Satan” (1857) ; Joris-Karl Huysmans, Là-bas (1891) ; D. A. F. de Sade, Juliette (1797) (1 passage to collate) ; Leo Tolstoy, War and Peace (1869) ; Gustave Flaubert, Sentimental Education (1869) (1 passage to collate) ; Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Nathan der Weise (1779) ; Boccaccio, Decameron (1353) ; Xenophon, Memorabilia (4th century BCE) (1 passage to collate) ; Victor Hugo, “Le Satyre” (1859) ; Émile Zola, Travail (1901) (1 passage to collate) ; Omar Khayyam, Rubáiyát (11th-12th century) ; Abû l-ʿAlâʾ al-Maʿarrî, Luzûmiyyât (11th century) ; Naguib Mahfouz, Awlâd hâratinâ (1959) (1 passage to collate) ; Thomas Mann, Der Zauberberg (1924) ; Anatole France, La Révolte des anges (1914) (1 passage to collate).

Image credits

Images from Wikimedia Commons, under a free licence or in the public domain.

An old man seated by a window, beside a spiral staircase sunk in shadow : Rembrandt, Public domain
Portrait of Epicurus : Sculpteur inconnu, photo Marie-Lan Nguyen, Public domain
Portrait of Lucretius : Auteur inconnu, CC0
Portrait of Meister Eckhart : Andrea di Bonaiuto, CC BY-SA 4.0
Portrait of Blaise Pascal : Gérard Edelinck, CC BY-SA 4.0
Portrait of Baruch Spinoza : Anonyme, Public domain
Portrait of Pierre Bayle : Attribué à Louis Ferdinand Elle le Jeune, Public domain
Portrait of David Hume : Allan Ramsay, Public domain
Portrait of Voltaire : Nicolas de Largillière, CC0
Portrait of Baron d'Holbach : Alexander Roslin, Public domain
Portrait of Immanuel Kant : Becker, Public domain
Portrait of Friedrich Schleiermacher : Auteur inconnu, Public domain
Portrait of Hegel : Jakob Schlesinger, Public domain
Portrait of David Friedrich Strauss : Hermann Günther, Public domain
Portrait of Bruno Bauer : Auteur inconnu, Public domain
Portrait of Ernest Renan : Antoine Samuel Adam-Salomon, Public domain
Portrait of Ludwig Feuerbach : August Weger, Public domain
Portrait of Max Stirner : Friedrich Engels, Public domain
Portrait of Karl Marx : John Jabez Edwin Mayall, Public domain
Portrait of Friedrich Engels : William Hall, Public domain
Portrait of Søren Kierkegaard : Bibliothèque royale du Danemark, Public domain
Portrait of Auguste Comte : photo Jean-Pierre Dalbéra, CC BY 2.0
Portrait of Arthur Schopenhauer : Johann Schäfer, Public domain
Portrait of Fyodor Dostoevsky : Vasily Perov, Public domain
Portrait of Friedrich Nietzsche : Friedrich Hermann Hartmann, Public domain
Portrait of Émile Durkheim : Auteur inconnu, Public domain
Portrait of Max Weber : Ernst Gottmann, Public domain
Portrait of William James : Alice Boughton, Public domain
Portrait of Rudolf Otto : Photographe inconnu, Public domain
Portrait of Sigmund Freud : Max Halberstadt, Public domain
Portrait of Henri Bergson : Henri Manuel, Public domain
Portrait of Martin Heidegger : Willy Pragher, CC BY-SA 3.0
Portrait of Karl Barth : Hans Lachmann, CC BY-SA 3.0 de
Portrait of Dietrich Bonhoeffer : Auteur inconnu, CC BY-SA 3.0 de
Portrait of Simone Weil : Auteur inconnu, Public domain
Portrait of Georges Bataille : Auteur inconnu, Public domain
Portrait of Jean-Paul Sartre : T1980, CC BY 3.0
Portrait of Albert Camus : United Press International, Public domain
Portrait of Jean-Luc Marion : Aymeric De La Toune, CC BY-SA 4.0
Portrait of Carl Schmitt : Auteur inconnu, Public domain
Portrait of Marcel Gauchet : 13okouran, CC BY-SA 4.0
Portrait of Charles Taylor : Lëa-Kim Châteauneuf, CC BY-SA 4.0
Portrait of Jürgen Habermas : Wolfram Huke, CC BY-SA 3.0
Portrait of Michel Foucault : Auteur inconnu, Public domain
Portrait of André Comte-Sponville : Wikinade, CC BY-SA 3.0
Portrait of Luc Ferry : Thesupermat, CC BY-SA 4.0
Portrait of André Comte-Sponville : Wikinade, CC BY-SA 3.0
Portrait of Luc Ferry : Thesupermat, CC BY-SA 4.0
Portrait of Abdennour Bidar : Anne-Sophie Plard, CC BY-SA 4.0
Portrait of Michel Onfray : Fronteiras do Pensamento, CC BY-SA 2.0
Manuscript sheet covered in dense handwriting, with a cross at the top : Blaise Pascal, fac-similé de l'édition Brunschvicg, Public domain
An angel holds back Abraham's arm as he is about to cut Isaac's throat; the knife falls : Rembrandt, Public domain
The prophet Isaiah seated, a closed book under his hand, turning towards a child : Michelangelo, Public domain
Title page of the Tractatus theologico-politicus, printed in Latin : Benedictus de Spinoza, Public domain
Title page of the Pensées diverses sur la comète, 1749 edition : Pierre Bayle, Public domain
Title page of the Dialogues concerning Natural Religion, 1779 : David Hume, Public domain
Title page of the Système de la nature, attributed to M. Mirabaud, London, 1770 : Paul Henri Thiry d'Holbach, Public domain
Title page of Die Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der bloßen Vernunft, 1793 : Immanuel Kant, Public domain
Title page of Über die Religion, 1799 : Friedrich Schleiermacher, Public domain
Title page of the first volume of Strauss's Das Leben Jesu : David Friedrich Strauss, Public domain
Title page of Ernest Renan's Vie de Jésus, 1863 : Ernest Renan, numérisation Gallica, CC BY-SA 4.0
Title page in Gothic type of Das Wesen des Christenthums, Leipzig, 1841 : Ludwig Feuerbach, Public domain
Title page of Der Einzige und sein Eigenthum : Max Stirner, Public domain
Title page of the first volume of Das Kapital, Hamburg, 1867 : Karl Marx, Public domain
Title page of the Catéchisme positiviste, Paris, 1852 : Auguste Comte, Public domain
Open copy of the first edition of Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung : photo H.-P. Haack, CC BY 3.0
Printed page in Russian bearing the title The Brothers Karamazov : Russkii Vestnik, Public domain
Title page of the first edition of Die fröhliche Wissenschaft, 1882 : Friedrich Nietzsche, Chemnitz, Ernst Schmeitzner, Public domain
Title page of Les Formes élémentaires de la vie religieuse, 1912 : Kysuu, CC0
Cover of The Varieties of Religious Experience, 1902 : William James, Public domain
Cover of the first edition of Die Zukunft einer Illusion, 1927 : Graphiste inconnu, Public domain
Portrait of George Eliot as a young woman, seated : François D'Albert Durade (réplique), Public domain
Photograph of Romain Rolland in 1915 : Auteur inconnu, Public domain
Christ on the cross against a black background, his head bowed : Diego Velázquez, Public domain
Christ on a mountain repels the devil; at his feet, miniature cities : Duccio di Buoninsegna, Public domain
Saint Dominic on a platform presides over an auto-da-fé; below, the condemned at the stake : Pedro Berruguete, Public domain
Saul thrown from his horse, arms open towards the light : Caravaggio, Public domain
Diogenes sitting in his jar lights a lantern, surrounded by dogs : Jean-Léon Gérôme, Public domain
Sisyphus carrying an enormous rock on his shoulders : Titian, Public domain
God stretches out his finger towards that of the reclining Adam : Michelangelo, Public domain
Façade of the Temple of Humanity, rue Payenne, with a bust and an inscription : Poulpy, CC BY-SA 3.0
Columned façade of the Positivist Temple of Porto Alegre : Eugenio Hansen, OFS, CC BY-SA 3.0
Greek philosophers gathered beneath ancient vaults around Plato and Aristotle : Raphael, Public domain
Portrait of Plato : D'après Silanion, photo Marie-Lan Nguyen, CC BY 2.5
Portrait of Aristotle : D'après Lysippe, photo Jastrow, Public domain
Portrait of Plotinus : Sculpteur inconnu, photo Sailko, CC BY 3.0
Portrait of Averroes : Andrea di Bonaiuto, photo Sailko, CC BY 3.0
Portrait of Maimonides : Graveur inconnu, Public domain
Illuminated page of a Hebrew manuscript: a master seated beneath a starry sky teaches a group of standing men : Copiste et enlumineur anonymes, Public domain
Portrait of Michel de Montaigne : Anonyme, Public domain
Engraved frontispiece of the Essais, 1588 edition, with handwritten corrections in the central cartouche : Michel de Montaigne, Bibliothèque municipale de Bordeaux, Public domain
Portrait of René Descartes : D'après Frans Hals, Public domain
Title page in Latin of the Meditationes de prima philosophia, Paris, 1641 : René Descartes, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Public domain
Portrait of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz : Christoph Bernhard Francke, Public domain
Title page of the Essais de théodicée, Amsterdam, 1734 : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Public domain
Portrait of Jean-Jacques Rousseau : Maurice Quentin de La Tour, Public domain
Title page of Émile, ou De l'éducation, 1762 : Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Public domain
Portrait of Paul Ricoeur : Jmendrik, CC0
Portrait of Emmanuel Levinas : Bracha L. Ettinger, CC BY-SA 2.5
Portrait of Ludwig Wittgenstein : Moritz Nähr, Public domain
Title page of the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, 1922 : Ludwig Wittgenstein, Public domain
Portrait of Karl Jaspers : Photographe inconnu (Mondadori), Public domain
A tiny silhouette of a monk on a shore, facing a dark sea beneath an immense sky : Caspar David Friedrich, Public domain
Socrates, seated on his bed, reaches for the cup of hemlock, surrounded by grief-stricken disciples : Jacques-Louis David, CC0
Moses raises the tablets of the Law above his head with both hands : Rembrandt, Public domain
The Hebrews dance in a ring around the golden calf raised on an altar; in the distance, Moses comes down from Sinai : Nicolas Poussin, Public domain
Christ at the centre of a long table, surrounded by the twelve agitated apostles : Leonardo da Vinci, Public domain
The emaciated body of the dead Christ, lying in profile in a narrow niche : Hans Holbein the Younger, Public domain
Thomas thrusts his finger into the wound in Christ's side, watched by two apostles leaning in : Caravaggio, Public domain
An artificial mountain topped by a tree and a column in the middle of the Champ-de-Mars, surrounded by a crowd : Pierre-Antoine Demachy, Public domain
A woman seated in darkness, her hand resting on a skull, gazes at the flame of a lamp : Georges de La Tour, Public domain
Beneath tall trees, Jacob grapples with an angel who holds him back effortlessly : Eugène Delacroix, Public domain
The crucified Christ with his tortured body, between the Virgin supported by John, Mary Magdalene, and John the Baptist pointing to the cross : Matthias Grünewald, Public domain
A lamb with bound legs, lying on a table against a black background : Francisco de Zurbarán, Public domain
An angel stops the hand of Abraham, who holds the screaming Isaac under the knife; a ram comes forward : Caravaggio, Public domain
Two men standing on either side of a shelf laden with instruments; on the floor, a distorted oblique shape : Hans Holbein the Younger, Public domain
A large frieze of Tahitian figures, from child to old man, around a blue idol : Paul Gauguin, Public domain
Marble sarcophagus carved in two registers of biblical scenes separated by small columns : Sculpteur romain anonyme, photo Sailko, CC BY-SA 3.0
Face of Christ in mosaic on a gold ground, his right hand raised in blessing : Mosaïste byzantin, photo Myrabella, Public domain
Vault mosaic: a charioteer with a radiant head against a background of vine scrolls : Mosaïste romain anonyme, Public domain
Saint Augustine in bishop's robes, his hand on his heart, looks up from his desk : Sandro Botticelli, Public domain
A bearded old man seated at a table before sheets of paper, his hand on the hilt of a sword : Rembrandt van Rijn (et atelier ?), CC0
Christ standing, one foot on the edge of the tomb, holding a banner, above sleeping soldiers : Piero della Francesca, Public domain
Wall painting: a shepherd carrying a sheep on his shoulders, between two other sheep : Peintre romain anonyme, planche de Joseph Wilpert, Public domain
Portrait of Philo of Alexandria : André Thevet, Les Vrais Pourtraits (1584), Public domain
Portrait of Justin Martyr : André Thevet, Les Vrais Pourtraits (1584), Public domain
Portrait of Origen : André Thevet, Les Vrais Pourtraits (1584), Public domain
Portrait of Augustine of Hippo : Philippe de Champaigne, Public domain
Portrait of Edward Burnett Tylor : Elliot & Fry, Public domain
Portrait of James George Frazer : Antoine Bourdelle, photo Didier Descouens, Public domain
Portrait of Bronisław Malinowski : Photographe inconnu, LSE Library, No restrictions
Portrait of Carl Gustav Jung : Photographe inconnu, ETH-Bibliothek Zürich, PDM-owner
Portrait of René Girard : Vicq, Public domain
Portrait of Pippa Norris : Topjur01, CC BY-SA 4.0
Portrait of William Kingdon Clifford : Auteur inconnu, The Popular Science Monthly, Public domain
Portrait of William James : Alice Boughton, Public domain
Portrait of Bertrand Russell : Photographe inconnu, Public domain
Portrait of Raymond Aron : Studio Harcourt, Public domain
A colossal spiral tower, unfinished, rises above a port city; in the foreground, a king visits the building site : Pieter Bruegel l'Ancien, Public domain
Engraved title page in a Renaissance frame, with a printing press at the centre : Moïse Maïmonide, éd. Agostino Giustiniani, impr. Josse Bade, Public domain
Engraving: men chained in a cave watch shadows cast by a fire, while daylight opens at the back : Jan Saenredam d'après Cornelis van Haarlem, CC0
Parchment leaf covered in early, slanting Arabic script, without systematic diacritical dots : Copiste anonyme, Cadbury Research Library, Université de Birmingham, Public domain
Schist statue of a standing Buddha, wearing a deeply folded cloak, in the manner of a Greek statue : Sculpteur du Gandhara, photo Daderot, Public domain
Wall painting: a seated woman holding a child, and a standing man pointing to a star : Peintre romain anonyme, planche de Joseph Wilpert, Public domain
A procession of villagers in black around an open grave, under a low sky : Gustave Courbet, Public domain
A man asleep at his work table, beset by bats and owls : Francisco Goya, Public domain
Faces lit by the central lamp of a mechanical orrery : Joseph Wright of Derby, Public domain
A man seen from behind on a rock contemplates a sea of clouds : Caspar David Friedrich, Public domain
Sweating workers handle a red-hot iron bar in front of the machines of a rolling mill : Adolph von Menzel, Public domain
A man sitting alone on rocks, hands clasped, in the light of dawn : Ivan Kramskoi, Public domain
A village procession with canopy and banners crossing a wheat field : Jules Breton, Public domain
A ruined Gothic abbey surrounded by bare oaks in the mist : Caspar David Friedrich, Public domain
Façade of Notre-Dame de Paris in photochrom : Photographe inconnu, Public domain
Bronze equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius, his arm outstretched : Alvesgaspar, Public domain
A woman seen from behind, arms open, facing the low sun : Caspar David Friedrich, Public domain
Seven philosophers seated in a semicircle beneath a tree, before the walls of a city : Mosaïste romain anonyme, photo Jebulon, Public domain
A scholar in a robe reaches towards a celestial globe set near a window : Johannes Vermeer, Public domain
Portrait of Albert Camus : Photograph by United Press International, Public domain
Portrait of Alexander Pope : Michael Dahl, Public domain
Portrait of Alfred Tennyson : Julia Margaret Cameron / Adam Cuerden, Public domain
Portrait of Alfred de Vigny : Nadar, Public domain
Portrait of Algernon Charles Swinburne : Elliott & Fry, Public domain
Portrait of Alphonse de Lamartine : Adrien Tournachon, Public domain
Portrait of Anatole France : Nobel Foundation, Public domain
Portrait of André Gide : Ottoline Morrell (1873-1938), Public domain
Portrait of André Malraux : Roger Pic, Public domain
Portrait of Antoine de Saint-Exupéry : Auteur inconnu, Public domain
Portrait of Aristophanes : Original uploader was Torquemada at es.wikisource, Public domain
Portrait of Arthur Koestler : Eric Koch for Anefo, CC BY-SA 3.0
Portrait of Arthur Rimbaud : Étienne Carjat, Public domain
Portrait of Bertolt Brecht : Kolbe, Jörg, CC BY-SA 3.0 de
Portrait of Boccaccio : Raffaello Sanzio Morghen / After Vincenzo Gozzini, Public domain
Portrait of Charles Baudelaire : Notwist, Public domain
Portrait of Charles Dickens : Jeremiah Gurney, Public domain
Portrait of Charles Péguy : Jean-Pierre Laurens, Public domain
Portrait of Daniel Defoe : UnknownUnknown, style of Sir Godfrey Kneller, Public domain
Portrait of Dante : Sandro Botticelli, Public domain
Portrait of Denis Diderot : Pierre-Michel Alix, Public domain
Portrait of Ernest Hemingway : Lloyd Arnold, Public domain
Portrait of Euripides : Marie-Lan Nguyen, Public domain
Portrait of Evelyn Waugh : Carl Van Vechten (1880-1964), Public domain
Portrait of Fernando Pessoa : S.A. e Maria José de Lencastre, Public domain
Portrait of Fyodor Dostoevsky : Vasily Perov, Public domain
Portrait of Flannery O'Connor : Charles Cameron Macauley, CC BY-SA 4.0
Portrait of Franz Kafka : Atelier Jacobi: Sigismund Jacobi (1860-1935), Public domain
Portrait of François-René de Chateaubriand : Anne-Louis Girodet, Public domain
Portrait of Friedrich Hölderlin : Franz Carl Hiemer, Public domain
Portrait of Friedrich Schiller : Ludovike Simanowiz, Public domain
Portrait of Georg Büchner : Philipp August Joseph Hoffmann (1807 bis 1883), Public domain
Portrait of Georg Trakl : Auteur inconnu, Public domain
Portrait of George Eliot : replica by François D’Albert Durade (1804-1886), Public domain
Portrait of George Gordon Byron : Thomas Phillips, Public domain
Portrait of George Orwell : Cassowary Colorizations, CC BY 2.0
Portrait of Georges Bernanos : Auteur inconnu, Public domain
Portrait of Germaine de Staël : After François Gérard / Marie-Éléonore Godefroid, Public domain
Portrait of Giacomo Leopardi : Domenico Morelli, Public domain
Portrait of Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa : Auteur inconnu, Public domain
Portrait of Gotthold Ephraim Lessing : Anton Graff, Public domain
Portrait of Graham Greene : FOTO:Fortepan, ID 84697: Adományozó/Donor: Magyar Hírek folyóirat. archive copy, CC BY-SA 3.0
Portrait of Gustave Flaubert : Nadar, Public domain
Portrait of Guy de Maupassant : Nadar, Public domain
Portrait of Gérard de Nerval : Nadar / Adrien Alban Tournachon, Public domain
Portrait of Hans Christian Andersen : Thora Hallager, Public domain
Portrait of Heinrich Heine : Moritz Daniel Oppenheim, Public domain
Portrait of Heinrich von Kleist : Anton Graff, Public domain
Portrait of Henrik Ibsen : Henrik Olrik, Public domain
Portrait of Henry David Thoreau : B. D. Maxham, Public domain
Portrait of Henryk Sienkiewicz : Auteur inconnu, Public domain
Portrait of Herman Melville : Joseph Oriel Eaton, Public domain
Portrait of Hermann Hesse : Auteur inconnu, CC BY-SA 3.0 nl
Portrait of Homer : NikonZ7II, CC BY-SA 4.0
Portrait of Horace : Anton von Werner, Public domain
Portrait of Ignazio Silone : Auteur inconnu, Public domain
Portrait of Isaac Bashevis Singer : Israel Press and Photo Agency (I.P.P.A.) photographer, CC BY 4.0
Portrait of Ivan Turgenev : Ilya Repin, Public domain
Portrait of Jack Kerouac : Tom Palumbo from New York, NY, USA, CC BY-SA 2.0
Portrait of Jean Giono : Inconnu. Collection AAJG., Public domain
Portrait of Jean Racine : After Jean-Baptiste Santerre, Public domain
Portrait of Jean de La Fontaine : Henri Millot, Public domain
Portrait of Jean-Paul Sartre : User:T1980, CC BY 3.0
Portrait of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe : Joseph Karl Stieler, Public domain
Portrait of John Steinbeck : McFadden Publications, Inc.; no photographer credited; photo likely the work of, Public domain
Portrait of Jonathan Swift : Charles Jervas, Public domain
Portrait of Jorge Luis Borges : Grete Stern, Public domain
Portrait of Joris-Karl Huysmans : Frédéric Boissonnas / André Taponier, Public domain
Portrait of Joseph Conrad : George Charles Beresford, Public domain
Portrait of Knut Hamsun : Nasjonalbiblioteket from Norway, Public domain
Portrait of Laurence Sterne : Laurence_Sterne_by_Sir_Joshua_Reynolds.jpg: Joshua Reynolds (died 1792) derivati, Public domain
Portrait of Lewis Carroll : Lewis Carroll, Public domain
Portrait of Louis-Ferdinand Céline : Agence Meurisse, Public domain
Portrait of Luigi Pirandello : Agence de presse Meurisse, Public domain
Portrait of Leo Tolstoy : Sergei Prokudin-Gorskii, Public domain
Portrait of Marcel Proust : Otto Wegener, Public domain
Portrait of Marguerite Yourcenar : Winoksbergen Bernhard De Grendel, CC BY-SA 4.0
Portrait of Mary Shelley : Richard Rothwell, Public domain
Portrait of Matthew Arnold : Auteur inconnu, Public domain
Portrait of Miguel de Cervantes : Attributed to Juan de Jáuregui, Public domain
Portrait of Miguel de Unamuno : Agence de presse Meurisse, Public domain
Portrait of Mikhail Bulgakov : Moisej Nappelbaum, Public domain
Portrait of Naguib Mahfouz : Auteur inconnu, Public domain
Portrait of Nikolai Gogol : Otto Friedrich Theodor von Möller, Public domain
Portrait of Omar Khayyam : The original uploader was Atilin at French Wikipedia., CC BY-SA 3.0
Portrait of Oscar Wilde : Napoleon Sarony / Adam Cuerden, Public domain
Portrait of Ovid : Lucasaw, CC BY-SA 4.0
Portrait of Paul Celan : Auteur inconnu, Public domain
Portrait of Paul Valéry : Henri Manuel, Public domain
Portrait of Percy Bysshe Shelley : After Amelia Curran, Public domain
Portrait of Pierre Corneille : After Charles Le Brun, Public domain
Portrait of Primo Levi : Unknown (Mondadori Publishers), Public domain
Portrait of Petrarch : Altichiero, Public domain
Portrait of Rabindranath Tagore : Generalstabens litografiska anstalt, Public domain
Portrait of Rainer Maria Rilke : Auteur inconnu, Public domain
Portrait of René Char : Habitant de Céreste anonyme 1941, Public domain
Portrait of Robert Musil : не указан в источнике, Public domain
Portrait of Rudyard Kipling : Bain News Service, publisher, Public domain
Portrait of Rumi : Hossein Behzad, Public domain
Portrait of Samuel Beckett : Roger Pic, Public domain
Portrait of Shirley Jackson : Eric Hartmann, Public domain
Portrait of Sophocles : Wolfgang Sauber, CC BY-SA 3.0
Portrait of Stendhal : Olof Johan Södermark, Public domain
Portrait of T. S. Eliot : Thomas Stearns Eliot with his sister and his cousin by Lady Ottoline Morrell.jpg, Public domain
Portrait of Thomas Mann : Nobel Foundation, Public domain
Portrait of Umberto Eco : Rob Bogaerts for Anefo, CC0
Portrait of Vasily Grossman : Auteur inconnu, Public domain
Portrait of Victor Hugo : Étienne Carjat, Public domain
Portrait of Voltaire : Nicolas de Largillière, CC0
Portrait of Walt Whitman : George Collins Cox / Adam Cuerden, Public domain
Portrait of William Blake : Thomas Phillips, Public domain
Portrait of William Shakespeare : Attributed to John Taylor, Public domain
Portrait of William Wordsworth : Benjamin Haydon, Public domain
Portrait of Xenophon : Carole Raddato, CC BY-SA 2.0
Portrait of Émile Zola : Émile Zola, Public domain
Portrait of John of the Cross : Auteur inconnu, Public domain
Portrait of Lucian of Samosata : William Faithorne, Public domain
Portrait of Montesquieu : After Jacques-Antoine Dassier, Public domain
Portrait of Sade : Charles-Amédée-Philippe van Loo, Public domain
Portrait of D. A. F. de Sade : Charles-Amédée-Philippe van Loo, Public domain
Portrait of Abu l-ʿAla al-Maʿarri : Kahlil Gibran, Public domain
Portrait of Angelus Silesius : Auteur inconnu, Public domain
Portrait of Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm : Elisabeth Baumann, Public domain
Portrait of Jean Paul : Heinrich Pfenninger (1749-c.1815), Public domain
Portrait of Paulo Coelho : Lula Oficial, CC BY-SA 2.0
Portrait of Adolph Menzel : Friedrich Eduard Meyerheim, Public domain
Portrait of Caspar David Friedrich : Johann Karl Bähr, Public domain
Portrait of Diego Velázquez : Diego Velázquez, Public domain
Portrait of Duccio di Buoninsegna : Giorgio Vasari, Public domain
Portrait of Eugène Delacroix : Eugène Delacroix, Public domain
Portrait of Francisco de Goya : Vicente López Portaña, Public domain
Portrait of Francisco de Zurbarán : Francisco de Zurbarán, Public domain
Portrait of Georges de La Tour : Georges de La Tour, Public domain
Portrait of Gustave Courbet : Nadar, Public domain
Portrait of Hans Holbein the Younger : Hans Holbein the Younger, Public domain
Portrait of Ivan Kramskoy : Ivan Kramskoi, Public domain
Portrait of Jacques-Louis David : Jacques-Louis David, Public domain
Portrait of Jan Saenredam : Holsteyn, Pieter (II) (1613/1615-1673), Schrevelius, Theodor (1572-1653), Public domain
Portrait of Jean-Léon Gérôme : Nadar, Public domain
Portrait of Johannes Vermeer : Johannes Vermeer, Public domain
Portrait of Joseph Wright of Derby : Joseph Wright of Derby, Public domain
Portrait of Jules Breton : Jules Breton, Public domain
Portrait of Caravaggio : Ottavio Leoni, Public domain
Portrait of Leonardo da Vinci : Attributed to Francesco Melzi, Public domain
Portrait of Matthias Grünewald : Auteur inconnu, Public domain
Portrait of Michelangelo : Attributed to Daniele da Volterra, Public domain
Portrait of Nicolas Poussin : Nicolas Poussin, Public domain
Portrait of Paul Gauguin : Louis-Maurice Boutet de Monvel, Public domain
Portrait of Pedro Berruguete : Attributed to Pedro Berruguete, Public domain
Portrait of Piero della Francesca : Giorgio Vasari, Public domain
Portrait of Pieter Bruegel the Elder : Pieter Brueghel the Elder, Public domain
Portrait of Raphael : Raphael, Public domain
Portrait of Rembrandt : Rembrandt, Public domain
Portrait of Sandro Botticelli : Sandro Botticelli, Public domain
Portrait of Titian : Titian, Public domain
Portrait of Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres : Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, Public domain
Portrait of Peter Paul Rubens : Peter Paul Rubens, Public domain
Portrait of William-Adolphe Bouguereau : P. Petit, Public domain
Portrait of Antonio Canova : Antonio Canova, Public domain
Portrait of Nikiphoros Lytras : Nikiforos Lytras, Public domain
Portrait of Frederic Leighton : Frederic Leighton, Public domain
Zeus enthroned on the clouds, impassive, and the nymph Thetis kneeling and stroking his chin : Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, Public domain
Interior of a black-figure cup: Dionysus reclining in a ship whose mast is covered with vines, surrounded by dolphins : Exékias, Public domain
Oedipus, naked, one foot on a rock, questions the Sphinx crouching in the shadow of a cave : Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, Public domain
Prometheus chained to a rock, thrown on his back, while an eagle tears at his side : Pierre Paul Rubens et Frans Snyders, Public domain
Fresco: Iphigenia, lifted by two men, is carried towards the altar; Agamemnon veils his face; Artemis appears in the air : Peintre romain anonyme, Public domain
Orestes stops his ears, pursued by the Erinyes, who show him the body of his stabbed mother : William-Adolphe Bouguereau, Public domain
Hermes lifts Persephone out of a cave towards Demeter, who holds out her arms to her in the light : Frederic Leighton, Public domain
Heracles, seen from behind, strangles the Nemean lion in his arms : Francisco de Zurbarán, Public domain
A young man leaning over dark water contemplates his reflection, his hands resting on the bank : Caravaggio, Public domain
Marble sculpture: winged Eros bends over Psyche, lying outstretched, and lifts her in his arms : Joe deSousa, CC0
Antigone, veiled in dark cloth, bends over the body of her brother Polynices lying on the ground : Francesco Bini, CC BY-SA 4.0